Медичні та біологічні науки: міждисциплінарний аспект - 2025

Постійне посилання для цієї колекції

https://dspace.khimu-library.com.ua/handle/123456789/419

Переглянути

Зараз показуємо 1 - 20 з 84

3D-біопринтинг тканин: морфометричні критерії якості та оцінка життєздатності
(2025) Гриценко, А.О.; Демченко, К.О.; Козловська, Г.О.
Робота присвячена визначенню та аналізу морфометричних критеріїв якості та підходів до оцінки життєздатності тканин, отриманих за допомогою 3D-біопринтингу. На основі аналізу наукових публікацій (2018–2024 рр.) встановлено, що головними критеріями якості є рівномірний розподіл клітин, оптимальне співвідношення клітин/біоматриксу, формування мікросудинних структур та збереження міжклітинних зв'язків. Оцінка життєздатності повинна бути комплексною, включаючи морфологічні (LIVE/DEAD-фарбування) та біохімічні методи (МТТ-тест, рівень метаболічної активності). Підкреслено, що якість біоконструкцій критично залежить від біочорнил (гідрогелі забезпечують проліферацію, синтетичні полімери — стабільність). Подальший розвиток галузі пов'язаний з використанням біореакторів та машинного навчання для прогнозування функціональних характеристик тканинних моделей. Запропоновані критерії є основою для стандартизації 3D-біопринтованих тканин.
A new method for the prevention of anastomotic leakage in terminal entero-enteroanastomoses in emergency cases
(2025) Aghayev, E.K.; Ismayilova, Z.E.; Hasanov, A.B.
The study investigates the importance of continuous intramesenteric blockade and lymphotropic therapy in preventing leakage in terminal entero-enteroanastomoses performed in emergency small intestine resections near the ileocecal valve (3–12 cm from the cecum). Clinical data from 97 patients were analyzed (54 in the main group with the applied method and 43 in the comparison group). Anastomotic leakage was observed in 2 (3.7%) patients in the main group versus 6 (14%) in the comparison group. The method improves local circulation, lymphatic drainage, and accelerates intestinal passage, reducing intraluminal pressure. Continuous intramesenteric blockade and lymphotropic therapy are recommended for preventing anastomotic leakage in terminal entero-enteroanastomoses in emergency surgical procedures.
Analysis of statistical data obtained during simultaneous and isolated endoscopic surgeries on the organs of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis
(2025) Mammadova, G.A.
This study presents statistical data from combined and simultaneous endoscopic surgical interventions for abdominal and pelvic pathologies, comparing them to isolated endoscopic procedures. A total of 36 patients were examined (14 simultaneous, 12 isolated surgeries). Simultaneous procedures included oophorectomy with cholecystectomy (64.3%), ovariectomy with liver cystectomy (14.2%), and cholecystectomy with liver or splenic cystectomy. Comparative analysis showed no significant differences between simultaneous and isolated surgeries regarding recovery time, length of hospital stay, or postoperative complications. The main advantages of simultaneous endoscopic surgery are minimized financial costs and the avoidance of repeated anesthesia and associated stress for the patient.
Applied significance of anatomy in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve injuries
(2025) Biryuk, I.G.
Визначено прикладне значення глибоких знань анатомії ліктьового нерва для клінічної діагностики рівня його пошкодження та вибору коректної хірургічної стратегії. Встановлено ключові анатомічні ділянки, найбільш схильні до травмування: зона в ліктьовій борозні (за медіальним надвиростком плечової кістки) та канал Гійона. Розкрито зміст характерних клінічних проявів, що виникають при пошкодженні нерва. Зокрема, описано позицію кисті як «кігтеподібна лапа» та сенсорні порушення у зоні іннервації (мізинець та ліктьовий край IV пальця). Обґрунтовано, що варіативність рухових і сенсорних симптомів залежить від висоти пошкодження (на рівні ліктя чи зап’ястя). Зроблено висновок про те, що анатомія є вирішальною «картою» для точного діагностування травм ліктьового нерва та планування лікування. The applied significance of in-depth knowledge of ulnar nerve anatomy is determined for the clinical diagnosis of the injury level and the selection of a correct surgical strategy. Key anatomical regions prone to trauma are established: the ulnar groove zone (behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus) and Guyon's canal. The content of characteristic clinical manifestations resulting from nerve damage is revealed, including the position of the hand as a "claw hand" and sensory disturbances in the innervation area (little finger and ulnar side of the fourth finger). It is substantiated that the variability of motor and sensory symptoms depends on the height of the injury (at the elbow or wrist level). The conclusion is made that anatomy serves as a crucial "map" for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for ulnar nerve injurie.
Bilateral asymmetry of the pericardial neurovascular bundles
(2025) Khmara, T.V.; Skypnyk, V.M.; Osypenko, Ye.Ye.
The study investigates the morphological features and the existence of bilateral asymmetry in the pericardial neurovascular bundles (NVBs). It is substantiated that NVBs, which include nerves and blood vessels supplying the pericardium, play a key role in the autonomic regulation of heart function. An analysis of the bundles' structure on the right and left sides of the pericardium is conducted. It is established that there is pronounced asymmetry in the number, diameter, and topography of the constituent elements, with the right side often exhibiting greater structural complexity. The content highlights the clinical significance of this asymmetry, particularly for cardiac and thoracic surgeons. The conclusion is made that detailed anatomical knowledge of NVB asymmetry is critical to minimize the risk of damage to the autonomic innervation and blood supply during surgical procedures involving the pericardium.
Changes in liver tissue structure under the influence of moderate ischemia in conditions of enhanced antioxidant defense system
(2025) Mirzayev, M.; Akbarov, E.; Farzaliyeva, S.
This experimental study investigated the morphological changes in white rat liver tissue subjected to moderate ischemia (5 minutes) after prior administration of the antioxidant Mexidol. Histological examination 15 minutes post-ischemia showed no significant alterations in lobular architecture, hepatocyte integrity, or portal tract structures. Minor changes included slight edema, widened Disse spaces, and dilated, blood-congested sinusoids. Mild dystrophic changes were limited to some hepatocytes near the portal tracts. The results suggest a cytoprotective role of Mexidol and enhanced antioxidant defense in mitigating ischemia-induced liver injury, keeping changes within the limits of compensatory structural adaptation.
Clinical and biochemical significance of renal biomarkers in patients with chronic kidney disease depending on the presence of diabetes mellitus
(2025) Almammadov, F.Ch.
The study assessed changes in clinical indicators and renal injury biomarkers (cystatin C, NGAL, KIM-1, L-FABP, FGF-23, endothelin-1, and vitamin D) in 147 patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), stratified by the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The presence of DM2 significantly accelerated CKD progression, evidenced by a sharper decline in GFR (by 45% in diabetics vs 39% in non-diabetics) and more pronounced decreases in vitamin D levels. Diabetic patients showed higher levels of key biomarkers: NGAL, KIM-1, L-FABP, FGF-23, and endothelin-1, peaking at the terminal stage and confirming enhanced metabolic and inflammatory disturbances, and structural nephron damage. Cystatin C, KIM-1, and FGF-23 were identified as the most sensitive indicators for early diagnosis and prognosis of renal function decline.
Consideration of certain types of hyperostosis
(2025) Sukhonosov, R.; Tereshchenko, A.; Halycha, M.
The study examines the morphological features and clinical significance of hyperostosis, focusing on specific types, particularly Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH), also known as Forestier’s disease. The content of the key differentiating clinical and radiological signs that distinguish DISH from other conditions, such as ankylosing spondylitis, is analyzed. It is established that DISH is characterized by the ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine, primarily affecting the thoracic vertebrae, while sparing the sacroiliac joints. The need for early differential diagnosis to prevent late complications and functional limitations in patients is substantiated. The conclusion is made that proper understanding of the specific type and extent of hyperostosis is essential for appropriate medical and rehabilitation management.
Cytological examination of the palatine tonsils in healthy state : normative data and observations
(2025) Guliyeva, J.E.; Hasanov, İ.A
The study aimed to establish a "reference" cytological profile and quantitative normative indicators for the surface and crypt contents of the palatine tonsils in 24 healthy young men (aged 18–32 years). This is crucial because the existing reference cytological landscape of healthy tonsils is unsystematically studied, complicating the diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory, allergic, and oncological tonsillar pathologies. Cytological smears were analyzed using Gram and Giemsa staining. The results established the cellular composition of healthy tonsils, categorizing the cells into epithelial cells, lymphocytes, and degenerative macrophages. The approximate overall ratio across the tonsil surface was determined to be Epithelial : Lymphocyte : Macrophage = 4 : 3.2 : 2.8. Specifically, the mean percentages were: epithelial cells (40.0±3.9%), lymphocytes (32.2±2.8%), and degenerative macrophages (27.8±2.1%). The majority of epithelial cells belonged to the superficial layer. No cells indicating pathological changes (such as connective tissue or multinucleated giant cells) were identified. The comprehensive cytological analysis provides essential "reference" indicators to enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of tonsillar diseases in clinical practice.
Diosmetin as a dual-action modulator of cytoprotection and senescence in a breast cancer model
(2025) Michalczyk, M.
This study evaluated the dual adjuvant potential of the flavonoid Diosmetin (DIOS) in breast cancer therapy using doxorubicin (DOX) or radiation (20 Gy). DIOS (80 µM) exhibited cytoprotective and genoprotective efficacy in non-tumorigenic MCF10-A cells by significantly reducing ROS levels and DNA damage (AP sites, $\gamma$H2AX foci), and enhancing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and DNA repair genes (OGG1, ATM, ATR). Simultaneously, in MCF-7 cancer cells, DIOS acted as a senomorphic agent, significantly suppressing Therapy-Induced Senescence (TIS) and downregulating pro-oncogenic SASP mediators including IL-6 and HIF-1. These results demonstrate DIOS's capacity to both mitigate treatment toxicity in healthy tissues and limit tumor progression by normalizing the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Dynamics of the level of somatotropic hormone in the blood of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic retinopathy
(2025) Aliyeva, V.
The study investigated the role of somatotropic hormone (STH) in the development of peripheral angiopathy and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in 80 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Patients were grouped by sex and DR stage (non-proliferative, preproliferative, proliferative). Basal and nocturnal STH levels were significantly elevated in DM1 patients, particularly in those with a longer disease duration (5–10 years) and established retinopathy, compared to healthy controls ($p < 0.05$). Specifically, nighttime STH levels were notably higher in men with non-proliferative DR compared to the control group, and significantly higher basal STH levels were found in diabetic women. The results indicate that the functional state of the pituitary somatotropic function plays a significant role, alongside disease duration and metabolic decompensation, in the development of DR and angiopathy.
Factors affecting the development of bronchoobstructive syndrome in children of different ages
(2025) Mahmudov, I.Sh.; Aliyeva, U.A.; Majidova, H.B.
The study investigated the clinical and etiological characteristics of Bronchoobstructive Syndrome (BOS) in 54 hospitalized children (3–10 years) following Acute Respiratory Viral Infections (ARVI). BOS occurred more frequently (74%) in children under 5 years old, primarily due to viral etiology and associated with pronounced atopy (53.3%). In older children (over 5 years), the development of BOS was more frequently associated with atypical pathogens (mycoplasma) and sensitization to respiratory allergens (83%). The duration of BOS (around 5.2–5.6 days) showed little variance across age groups. The findings highlight age-dependent etiological factors (viral/atypical) and the critical role of atopy in BOS development in younger children.
Features of surgical treatment of hydronephrosis caused by an accessory vessel
(2025) Abdurahimova, V.Y.; Imamverdiyev, S.B.
The study analyzed surgical approaches for treating hydronephrosis in 65 patients (aged 1.5 to 47 years) caused by the presence of accessory (aberrant) renal vessels in the ureteropelvic segment (UPS). These vessels are a common cause of hydronephrosis (18–52%), leading to urodynamic disorders due to dyskinesia and, eventually, scarring and narrowing of the UPS. The authors advocate that open surgery remains the method of choice, especially in young patients, as it allows for clear identification of changes and reliable performance of reconstructive surgery without compromising renal hemodynamics. In contrast, endoscopic methods cannot eliminate the main cause of obstruction. The research confirms that the most reliable method for UPS reconstruction when hydronephrosis is caused by an accessory vessel is antevasal pyelo-pyelic anastomosis. This technique prevents stenosis in the anastomosis zone in both the early and late postoperative periods, unlike ureteropyelostomy, which carries a risk of restenosis and reoperation.
From crisis to catalyst: wartime transformation of medical education in Ukraine
(2025) Shyian, D.; Davydova, Zh.; Lisova, M.
This study analyzes the main challenges and innovative responses of Ukrainian medical education (2022–2025) amidst full-scale war, focusing on the experience of KhIMU and other institutions. Wartime conditions (shelling, blackouts) forced a rapid, creative shift toward digital, flexible, and competence-based learning. Key innovations include: using 3D anatomy platforms and virtual simulators; implementing asynchronous formats and short modular units to counter blackouts/alerts; intensifying psychological support; and integrating Basic Life Support (BLS) and civil defense into the curriculum. The crisis served as a catalyst for modernization, proving the system's extraordinary resilience and stimulating international integration (e.g., Kharkiv-Oxford partnership). This experience offers a model for educational adaptation during severe crises.
Gender characteristics of the types of pterygomaxillary fissure
(2025) Guliyeva, K.J.; Ganbayeva, Sh.F.; Mustafayeva, N.A.
An analysis of the dynamics of morphometric parameters of the small intestine lymphatic channel walls in rats under intensive therapy (IT) is performed. It is substantiated that the lymphatic system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of septic conditions, particularly in peritonitis. The experiment was conducted on rats with a model of peritonitis (CLP) followed by IT application. It is established that 24 hours after the start of IT, the walls of the lymphatic capillaries and vessels swell, and the endothelium becomes deformed. It is determined that at 72 and 120 hours, the swelling subsides, but signs of vessel wall hypertrophy and basement membrane thickening persist, indicating prolonged functional stress and chronic inflammation. The conclusion is made about the need for further study of the effect of IT on lymphatic drainage to improve treatment outcomes. Здійснено аналіз динаміки морфометричних параметрів стінок лімфатичних проток тонкої кишки щурів в умовах інтенсивної терапії (ІТ). Обґрунтовано, що лімфатична система відіграє ключову роль у патогенезі септичних станів, зокрема, при перитоніті. Експеримент проведено на щурах із моделюванням перитоніту (CLP) з подальшим застосуванням ІТ. Встановлено, що через 24 години після початку ІТ стінки лімфатичних капілярів та судин набрякають, а ендотелій деформується. Визначено, що на 72-й та 120-й годинах набряк спадає, проте зберігаються ознаки гіпертрофії стінок судин та потовщення базальної мембрани, що вказує на тривалий функціональний стрес і хронічне запалення. Зроблено висновок про необхідність подальшого вивчення впливу ІТ на лімфатичний дренаж для покращення результатів лікування.
Inflammatory biomarkers in chronic sinusitis
(2025) Azizova, P.E.
Мета дослідження полягала в оцінці рівнів прозапальних та протизапальних цитокінів (IL-6, IL-5, IL-10) та антимікробних пептидів (кальпротектин, ліпокалін, β1-дефензин) у пацієнтів із хронічним риносинуситом (ХРС). Обстеження 35 пацієнтів із ХРС показало значне підвищення рівнів IL-6, IL-5 та кальпротектину і, навпаки, зниження IL-10, ліпокаліну та β1-дефензину порівняно з контрольною групою. Встановлено сильну позитивну кореляцію між IL-6 та кальпротектином, а також негативну кореляцію між IL-10 та тяжкістю хвороби. Зроблено висновок, що ці маркери вказують на дисбаланс про- та протизапальних механізмів і відображають нейтрофільне та еозинофільне запалення. Комбіноване профілювання цих біомаркерів є надійним інструментом для оцінки тяжкості ХРС, моніторингу лікування та розробки цільових терапевтичних підходів.
Mechanisms underlying the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on the thyroid gland
(2025) Yagubova, S.; Sultanova, T.; Akbarov, E.
The goal was to investigate the morphometric changes in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of rats under conditions of experimental peritonitis. It is established that the MLNs respond rapidly to the spread of inflammation, showing signs of severe lymphadenitis. An analysis revealed significant hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles and a marked expansion of the medullary sinuses and subcapsular sinuses, indicating increased afferent lymphatic flow and active immunological response. It is substantiated that these changes reflect the barrier and drainage function of the lymphatic system during systemic inflammation. The conclusion is made that morphometric parameters of MLNs can serve as reliable indicators of the severity and stage of peritonitis, which is crucial for determining treatment strategies.
Modern aspects of teaching nanotechnology in medical universities
(2025) Gafarov, I.A.; Alasgarova, N.A.
This paper examines the application of nanotechnology in biophysics, specifically focusing on Smart Drug Delivery Systems (SDDS). These systems utilize nanoscale carriers (1–100 nm), such as photochromic nanoparticles, to load drug molecules for controlled, targeted, and time-regulated application. The core advantage of SDDS is maximizing drug efficacy while minimizing side effects by ensuring the therapeutic agent is released primarily at the diseased site (e.g., tumors, inflamed areas) using external activation (e.g., light). The analysis highlights the wide application in oncology (targeted chemotherapy) and infectious/autoimmune diseases, emphasizing the critical role of specialized computer programs for designing nanomaterials and simulating carrier movement within the body. Familiarity with these technologies is vital for medical students to develop multidisciplinary thinking and become future researchers and innovators in the field.
Molecular and clinical significance of ROS1 gene alterations in lung cancer patients: a retrospective analysis from Azerbaijan (2019–2023)
(2025) Mehdizadeh, S.G.; Vekilov, V.N.
This first study on ROS1 gene alterations in Azerbaijani non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients retrospectively analyzed 110 cases diagnosed between 2019 and 2023. ROS1 rearrangements were identified in 12 patients (10.9%) using RT-PCR, a rate higher than the global 1–2%, likely due to selection bias. ROS1-positive patients were predominantly female (58.3%) and non-smokers (75%), aligning with international data. The majority were diagnosed at advanced stages (66.7%). The median overall survival was short (8.13 months), attributed to limited access to ROS1-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The study highlights the urgent need for routine molecular screening and improved access to targeted therapy to enhance diagnostic precision and clinical outcomes in Azerbaijan.
New method in prophylaxis of intestinal anastomotic leakage
(2025) Mammadov, T.E.
The study addresses the significance of neuromorphometric parameters in the early diagnosis and risk assessment of cerebral vascular anomalies (CVAs), which pose a high risk of hemorrhagic stroke. The content of various CVA types, including aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and cavernomas, is revealed. It is established that precise morphometric measurements of the intracranial vasculature, such as vessel wall thickness, diameter, and tortuosity, are critical for predicting rupture risk. An analysis of modern neuroimaging techniques (CT, MRI, angiography) and their integration with morphometric data for non-invasive CVA detection is conducted. The conclusion is made that integrating neuromorphometric data into diagnostic algorithms allows for improved personalized risk stratification and timely surgical planning, ultimately enhancing prognosis in patients with CVAs. Розкрито зміст значення нейроморфометричних параметрів для ранньої діагностики та оцінки ризику церебральних судинних аномалій (ЦСА), які несуть високий ризик геморагічного інсульту. Визначено різні типи ЦСА, включаючи аневризми, артеріовенозні мальформації (АВМ) та каверноми. Встановлено, що точні морфометричні вимірювання внутрішньочерепної судинної мережі, як-от товщина стінки судини, діаметр та звивистість, є критичними для прогнозування ризику розриву. Проведено аналіз сучасних нейровізуалізаційних методик (КТ, МРТ, ангіографія) та їх інтеграції з морфометричними даними для неінвазивного виявлення ЦСА. Зроблено висновок про те, що інтеграція нейроморфометричних даних у діагностичні алгоритми дозволяє покращити персоналізовану стратифікацію ризику та своєчасне хірургічне планування, що в кінцевому підсумку поліпшує прогноз у пацієнтів із ЦСА.

Переглянути

Перегляд Медичні та біологічні науки: міждисциплінарний аспект - 2025 за Назва

Результатів на сторінці

Налаштування сортування