Review of morphofunctional features of the stomach

Abstract

The study presents a review of current literature regarding the morphofunctional features of the stomach in humans. The importance of a comprehensive understanding of gastric structure for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases is substantiated. The content of the structural organization of the stomach wall is detailed, including the peculiarities of the mucous membrane, the secretory apparatus (parietal, chief, and mucous cells), and its neuroendocrine regulation. The relationship between morphological components (e.g., gland density) and essential functions, such as the secretion of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and the protective mucus barrier, is analyzed. The conclusion is made about the high plasticity of the stomach and the need for further research into its adaptive mechanisms.