The study investigated the role of somatotropic hormone (STH) in the development of peripheral angiopathy and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in 80 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Patients were grouped by sex and DR stage (non-proliferative, preproliferative, proliferative). Basal and nocturnal STH levels were significantly elevated in DM1 patients, particularly in those with a longer disease duration (5–10 years) and established retinopathy, compared to healthy controls ($p < 0.05$). Specifically, nighttime STH levels were notably higher in men with non-proliferative DR compared to the control group, and significantly higher basal STH levels were found in diabetic women. The results indicate that the functional state of the pituitary somatotropic function plays a significant role, alongside disease duration and metabolic decompensation, in the development of DR and angiopathy.